Syntax: Is the study of sentences structure.
Grammar: Is the set of structural rules that governs the composition of clauses, phrases and words in any given natural language.
Parse Tree: Is an ordered, rooted tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some formal grammar.
Noun Phrase: A word group with a noun or pronoun as its head. It can divide in a noun, in determinant and/or complements.
Verb Phrase: Is a syntactic unit composed of at least one verb and the dependents of that verb ,objects, complements and other modifiers, but not including the subject
Sentence: A sentence is a grammatical unit consisting of one or more words that are grammatically linked. A sentence can include words grouped meaningfully to express a statement, question, exclamation, request, command or suggestion
Determiner: Is a word, phrase or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context.
Adjective: An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies.
Adverb: An adverb is a word that changes or qualifies the meaning of a verb, adjective, other adverb, clause, sentence or any other word or phrase, except that it does not include the adjectives and determiners that directly modify nouns.
Noun: A word or group of words that refers to a person, place, or thing or any syntactically similar word .
Pronoun: One of a class of words that serves to replace a noun phrase that has already been or is about to be mentioned in the sentence or context.
Prepositional Phrase: A prepositional phrase is a structure consisting of a preposition and its object. Examples are `on the table' and `by the sea'.
Auxiliary Verb: An auxiliary verb is a verb used to add functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it appears – for example, to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany a main verb, the main verb providing the main semantic content of the clause in which it appears.
Verb: A verb is a word (part of speech) that in syntax conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand). In many languages, verbs have a present tense, to indicate that an action is being carried out; a past tense, to indicate that an action has been done; and a future tense, to indicate that an action will be done.
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